Saturday, May 23, 2020

Leadership And Leadership The 21 Irrefutable Laws Of...

Highlights of the laws of leadership No one said leading was easy, and in the book, The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, John C. Maxwell addresses the principal of transformational leadership, and how there is more than one aspect in becoming a successful leader. Leadership is one of the many desirable qualities in becoming successful not only in everyday life, but also in nursing. This paper will discuss ways to develop into an effective, successful leader, the necessary steps to increase leadership ability, and how leadership can affect personal growth in nursing practice. Definitions James MacGregor Burns first introduced the concept of transformational leadership in 1978 and described it not as a set of specific behaviors, but†¦show more content†¦Functions in Nursing Practice The empowerment of staff is a hallmark of transformational leadership (Marquis Huston, 2015). Empowerment can function in nursing practice by encouraging, and motivating staff to be the best that they can be and by supporting them in decision making and problem solving. For example, a unit manager of an intensive care unit can establish empowerment by holding a staff meeting regarding current staffing shortages and involve subordinates in the resolution of the problem. By encouraging their communication and input to upper management, as well as planning and implementing ways to improve the problem may help bridge the authority- power gap. This is because the manager displays to subordinates that efforts are being made to improve the existing dilemma. Empowerment plants seeds of leadership, collegiality, self-respect, and professionalism among all levels of management (Marquis Huston, 2015). Another function in nursing practice, that I believe is one of the most demanding skills, is priority setting. The law of priorities can function in nursing practice by influencing the development of organizational skills, and effective time management. With the discipline of prioritizing, leaders are also able to determine what tasks are more important over others, and what tasks can be delegatedShow MoreRelatedThe 21 Irrefutable Laws Of Leadership1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership was written by John C. Maxwell, who is an author, speaker, and a pastor. I found his take on leadership to be interesting, as he believed that leadership is leadership, no matter what context. The laws are similar no matter what realm they will be applied in. He successfully demonstrated how his laws apply in leadership in all forms, whether it is in church or i n politics, in history or in sports. When he first began, he was told that he was a pastor and thatRead MoreTransformational Leadership : The 21 Irrefutable Laws Of Leadership1290 Words   |  6 Pagesand in the book, The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, John C. Maxwell addresses the principal of transformational leadership, and how there is more than one aspect in becoming a successful leader. In my opinion, leadership is one of the many desirable qualities in becoming successful not only in everyday life, but also in nursing. This paper will discuss ways to develop into an effective, successful leader, the necessary steps to increase leadership ability, and how leadership can affect personalRead MoreApplying The Laws Of Leadership1352 Words   |  6 PagesApplying The Laws of Leadership to Nursing As John C. Maxwell (2007) wrote, â€Å"The bottom line in leadership isn’t how far we advance ourselves, but how far we advance others.† (p. 51). This quote exemplifies what it means to be a transformational leader. This paper will discuss the positive impact a transformational leader can have on the field of nursing, how it will be applied to my future nursing career and how it has changed my attitude about leadership. Background John C. Maxwell’s The 21 IrrefutableRead MoreThe Fundamentals of Leadership in the Workplace1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fundamentals of Leadership in the Workplace For centuries there have been leaders and people have debated what makes a great leader. Leadership goes back to the time of the ancient Greeks. During the 1500’s, there was an Italian statesman Niccolo Machiavelli, who wrote The Prince, which he described methods for leaders to use in acquiring power (Leadership 2003). This all led to the recent activity dating to the early 1900’s and what has been developed and used in today’s society. ThereRead MoreEssay on Individual Development Plan986 Words   |  4 Pagesfeelings. I have a moderate self-esteem level. My motivations are strong driven with growth, relatedness and existence needs. I have a high standard if ethics. Though all that may make me to sound like the perfect person, I am far from there. My leadership style lacks concern for people. I can finish a project, but might offend some people on the way. I have a hard time dealing in a team because I rely so much on myself. Management typically uses reward and coercive power, which I do not valueRead MoreA Life Changing Moment That Happened944 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership.† It was a gift from my basketball coach, Mr. Bushre, given to me at my senior year basketball banquet. After he gave it to me it spent a long time on my book shelf. Actually, I had just blown the dust off of it before putting it into my bag. I found out that I was able to escape for hours into the book after the cover was opened. John C. Maxwell was the author of the book. You could almost consider it a biography of Mr. Maxwell’s life. He wrote about 21 lawsRead MoreSports Leadership Of The 21st Century1105 Words   |  5 Pages Borland, J. F., Kane, G. M., Burton, L. J. (n.d.). Sport leadership in the 21st century. Borland gives understudies the most present and extensive comprehension of authority in game administration. Written and contributed to by driving game administration specialists and professionals, this content submerges understudies in the learning procedure through contextual investigations, interviews with pioneers in the business of sports, and rich substance. Parts of this book have been producedRead MoreThe Professional Sports Team Is The Core Of The Group986 Words   |  4 PagesWhen we are talking about working in a team or an organization, management and leadership are the core of the group. Being involved in several organizations during high school and college, I am sure that without a proper person who is in-charge of taking the whole team to the end goal, success is out of reach. Without denying the fact that each person has their own strength, it does not push the need to have a person to manage them. A leader is supposed to acknowledge those strengths and has a visionR ead MoreTransformational Leadership in Healthcare Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Æ' Why now? Why are we focusing on transformational leadership? Healthcare costs are continuing to rise. Some of the critical problems and active debates prevalent in many hospital organizations include the rapidly intensifying healthcare costs, funding and reimbursement cutbacks, and concern regarding the overall quality and safety of health care. â€Å"Healthcare systems have come under pressure to improve performance and manage productivity† (Botting, 2011). To be successful in the 21st centuryRead MoreWhat I Learned Change Is The Hallmark Of A Leader1000 Words   |  4 PagesI have always known I love change, but from this class, I learned change is the hallmark of a leader. As John C. Maxwell says in The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, â€Å"Growth = Change.†The leadership assessments allowed me to understand myself in a new way. Because I am a curious green thinker, I need explanations and answers to understand my world. I tend to see the big picture of a p roject and my mind motivates me toward something new or improved. I am curious about new opportunities because I

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Teenage Pregnancy Is A Public Health Issue - 1637 Words

Teenage birth rates, defined as live births per one thousand 15-19-year-old US females, declined by 10% from 2012 to 2013 from 29.4 to 26.5. In fact, the birth rate has been on a steady decline over the past 20 years, from 61.8 in 1991 to 26.5 in 2013. Teenage pregnancy represents both a health and social inequality in our society. Specifically, teenage childbearing is a public health issue because teenage mothers are more likely to experience negative social outcomes such as dropping out of school. This is a self-reinforcing cycle, as children of teenage mothers face higher chances of poor academic achievement as well as getting pregnant or getting someone else pregnant in their teenage years (CDC). Although the overall rates of teenage pregnancy have dropped, ultimately, the variations in the rates reflect the intersecting disparities regarding race and ethnicity, income inequality, geography, and environmental factors, which in turn affect access to medical care, education, an d resources. According to 2013 data, 11% of females in the US will give birth before age 20. This statistic is differentially distributed by race and ethnicity—8% of white teenage females, 16% of African American teenage females, and 17% of Hispanic teenage females. While Hispanics have the highest teen birth rate, there has been a drastic decline. Since 2007, the birth rate for Hispanics has declined by 45%, whereas the birth rate for African Americans has declined by 37% and 32% for whitesShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy has long been acknowledged as an important health, social and economic problem in the United States, one that creates hardships for women and families and threatens the health and well-being of women and their infants. Unintended pregnancies span across age, race and religion, with a specific negative impact among the teenage population. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC, 2016) In 2015, a total of 229,715 babies were born to women aged 15–19 years, for a birth rateRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Social Issue1551 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy rates have been declining in the United States, but when compared to pregnancy rates in other industrial countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom they are still relatively high. (Office of Adolescent Health, 2016). Teenage pregnancy is defined by UNICEF, as an adolescent between the ages of thirteen to nineteen becoming pregnant. (UNICEF Malaysia Communications). Teenage pregnancy is viewed as a social issue because of the way it affects a country’s economy, the mother andRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Sections I And II1738 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: Teenage Pregnancy Sections I and II Primary Audience: My primary audience is the citizens of the U.S.; this includes tax payers, parents, state officials, education officials and teen moms. In the U.S. we have several teens that are experiencing unprotected sex, without any knowledge of pregnancy prevention or sex education. When teen girls become pregnant, this also affects the parents. This is a huge responsibility and burden for all involved parties. Health benefits are needed forRead MoreHealth Education Reduction Of Teenage Pregnancy1647 Words   |  7 PagesHEALTH EDUCATION REDUCTION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (2010-2015) Introduction Teenage pregnancy (known as under-18 conception) negatively affects the health and wellbeing of both the young mothers and their children. Early parenthood is prone to the risk of postnatal depression, poor health (including mental health), social exclusion and by the age of thirty (30) there are more likely to live in poverty, have limited education, career and economic prospect. There is high risk ofRead MoreA New Zealand Health Issue : Teen Pregnancies1404 Words   |  6 PagesNew Zealand health issue: Teen Pregnancies A health issue is something that affects the well-being of groups or populations in a way that causes (public) concern. In this report I will be discussing why teenage pregnancy is a health issue in New Zealand and how it links to all the determinants of health which are influenced from teen pregnancy and parenthood. I am going to be discussing three determinants of health, these being; cultural, economic and social determinants of health. I will alsoRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay example1750 Words   |  7 Pagesthan 2% have earned a college degree (Foreman 27). I am a child born to a teenage mother, and my mom is a part 2% of girls who had a child before the age of 19 and was able to get her college degree, before she turned 30. Girls in this present time don’t understand the risk that comes with childbearing at a young age. Focusing on how teenage girls become pregnant, ways to prevent early pregnancies, the effect that a teen pregnancy have on the people around them, and t he downfalls of becoming pregnantRead MoreIssues on Teenage Pregnancy Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesthe complex issues of teenage pregnancy. There are many adverse concerns that encompass teen pregnancy, to which society has even developed its own views upon. Concerns that develop from adolescent pregnancy can have negative impacts for teenage parents, children, and even society. According to Furstenberg, â€Å"In 1995, in his State of the Union address, President Bill Clinton singled out teenage childbearing as â€Å"our most serious social problem†. According to the US Department of Health and Human ServicesRead MoreEssay on Implications of Teenage Pregnancy in the United States1457 Words   |  6 Pagesincidence of teenage pregnancy has generally been in decline since 1991, the causes and effects of underage childbearing has continued to be a big burden on families, the public and government. Babies having babies is the simplistic way that some people have described t he specter of having a baby while teenager are unprepared. The United State case study which is the subject of this paper is unique, even though reflecting the same generic features with teenagers elsewhere in the world. Teenage pregnancyRead MoreThe Issue Of Teenage Pregnancy976 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Teenage pregnancy is a hot-button issue in the United States that has lured the attention of citizens for many years. Since its peak in 1990, teen pregnancy has declined significantly, but is still held as the center for much controversy, especially with recent reality television shows that many claim are â€Å"glorifying† teenage pregnancy (The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2014; Henson, 2011). Although numbers of pregnant teens are down, certain areas continueRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Amongst Blacks and Hispanic Teenagers956 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage Pregnancies among Blacks and Hispanics 11/09/2012 Tina Trent TEENAGE PREGNANCY AMONG BLACK amp; HISPANIC GIRLS Birth rates in African American and Hispanic teens are substantially higher than whites, a trend that has persisted for decades. Even though pregnancy rates among teens are at an all time low. It is still a major issue but mostly affecting the urban communities. In this research paper I will be comparing and demonstrating the relationships

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Do Spin in Political Marketing Destroy Democracy Free Essays

It is possible to encounter political marketing in democratic societies because politicians sell their ideas to public. The more buyers they gain, the higher probability they win elections. While bargaining their ideas, politicians will do whatever needed to be elected. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Spin in Political Marketing Destroy Democracy? or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Spin† is one of the things done during election eves to obtain more votes, for instance. These can ruin the democracy in such countries. For democracy to work properly, individuals should vote under no control of anyone and with clear opinions about politicians. To say that democracy exists, high percentage of public should participate in the elections by voting, as well. The main reason of this essay is to question whether or not political marketing and spin ruin democracy. Understanding it is crucial in taking necessary cautions for democracy to work. If those are really harmful to democracy, then they should be treated as the enemy of democracy. In this essay, every important impact of political marketing and spin to democracy will be examined and demonstrated how significant they are. To do these, this essay will start with the effects of â€Å"spin†, continue with the inequalities among politicians that political marketing causes and the importance of floating voters, which are bad for democracy, and finally, end with explaining how political marketing could be useful for democracy even if this usefulness pales in comparison to these bad impacts. â€Å"Spin† in political marketing gives wrong opinions about parties to voters and that contribute to ruining democracy. Politicians intend to gain political advantage and to do this; they resort to deceiving their potential and current voters. Spin† is one of the most moving things they do. To explain what â€Å"spin† is, David L. Martinson gives an advertisement example, which is quite appropriate and successful for this topic (2001). In that advertisement, the advertisers claimed that one slice of their bread contained fewer calories than any other bread’s slice. What makes this an e xample of spin is that they didn’t mention how thin these slices were cut. By doing that, they would make their consumers buy the breads so that they can lose weight. Martinson also says that this company didn’t have to share all the details with their consumers but had to present that significant detail (ibid. ). Likewise in politics, politicians avoid to tell some facts so they obtain more votes. After being deceived by the politicians who spin information, the public will vote for them in order to meet their expectations. However, after these politicians are elected, those who vote for them can’t find what they have expected. So, actually these people voted for different ideas and promises, and now are governed by others, which is definitely not a democratic process. To give an example of this in politics, Nick Clegg and his promises about tuition fees can be chosen. Everyone who had voted especially for this problem couldn’t receive any solution they expected. What they were expecting while electing him was lowered tuition fees, meaning he was the one who’ll provide lower tuition fees for the voters, but he actually was a different politician. In short, â€Å"spin† ruins democracy because it prevents people to vote for the right party by deceiving them. Political marketing promotes inequality among politicians regarding to financial resources and/or being good seller, and these make being elected nearly impossible for some politicians who lack of financial resources and advertising skills, meaning this causes an incomplete, ruined democracy. Firstly, being a successful advertiser is more important that being a good governor. McNair puts the significance of advertising skills in political marketing. He thinks that Ronald Reagan was successful because of his actor’s training. He also gives the example of Michael Foot. He says that Foot was a great thinker and an intellectual party manager but not able to fit the televisions. Because of this, he was replaced by someone who fits the televisions better (2011). McNair can’t refer to any sources because of the subjectivity of those. However, considering the general knowledge, it can easily be said that he is right. These examples show that being a good seller is more important than being a good thinker, meaning those who don’t have seller skills don’t have chances to be elected. Secondly, money has a significant role in elections. McNair explains the importance of money in politics with these words: â€Å"Political power becomes something which can be bought rather than won in a democratic contest. † (2011, p. 37) He strengthens this statement by giving the Goldsmith example. This example shows how right he is. He also adds that money can be used to buy creativity and innovation to make political communication effective. Similarly, with money, politicians can put themselves everywhere such as on TV, posters on streets. In short, with money, successful advertisements can be applied to public. Likewise, politicians can give money to the press and the media or buy them to influence public because the press and the media usually have more influence on public than any political advertising (O’Shaughnessy, 2001). Those who don’t have enough financial sources don’t have advantage as much as the ones who have enough sources. In conclusion, there are some inequalities among politicians such as financial resources and advertising skills that make some politicians have some advantages that enable them to win elections although there might be better governors that the public would choose. Floating voters can determine the results of an election and making only these votes change by political marketing can ruin democracy. According to the studies McNair refers to, only few people change their votes because of political advertising (Diamond and Bates, 1984 in McNair, 2011). At first, this statement may seem to tell that political advertising doesn’t work and it can’t possibly ruin democracy but it does. Floating voters have a crucial role in elections. They can determine the results of elections in democratic societies even though they form a small percentage of the population in a country. This makes them the most important and an easy target of political marketing. Effecting or manipulating a small group of people is way easier than crowds because some weak points of these people can easily be known and used appropriately to regulate them. Therefore, when advertisements come into play, they will be quite successful and change their audiences’ votes. This leads to the destruction of democracy because politicians eventually get what they want through political marketing. To summarize, floating voters, who may be the determining factor of an election, are very susceptible to political advertising and can, therefore, be controlled easily by political marketing, which ruins democracy. Despite all these bad effects of political marketing for democracy, there are positive side-effects of it that help democracy to work such as increasing participation in elections; variety of ideas, opinions, romises; and knowledge about various political ideas. When a politician uses political advertising, another one also uses it in order not to be left behind in the competition, another does the same with the same reason and so forth. This chain makes political advertising and, therefore, politics everywhere and the main agenda of the days. Because of this, everyone hears about politics and attains a political opinion unconsciously or not and goes to vote for a party. This may not be the aim of political marketing, but it increases participation of people in elections. It helps democracy to work properly because the more people say their opinions the better democracy there will be. Other than participation, politicians are now obliged to give what people want. As Scammel writes down on his essay in a convincing and clear way, as the possibilities of transforming information increases, consumers choose what they want but not what producers want (Scammel, M. , ND). In politics, political marketing is the tool that increases the possibilities of transforming information, consumers are public and producers are politicians. When there is no political marketing, people have to vote for only what are thought for them before and this may not result beneficially for these people and democracy. Likewise, political marketing helps ideas and opinions to be heard. As politicians’ competitions take place in agenda, people keep hearing and reading about them, their ideas and promises. Thus, they can encounter various opinions and find what is the most appropriate for them. To sum up, participation and voting for the appropriate party is important for democracy and political marketing help them maintain or increase. In conclusion, â€Å"Spin† and political marketing ruins democracy in general. Firstly, spin gives wrong opinions about politicians to people. People can’t elect the governor they want due to obfuscations. Secondly, due to political marketing, there are some inequalities among politicians. Some are good advertisers, some have a vast amount of financial resources and some have them both. The ones lacking of these cannot possibly win elections even if they are good governors and who public would want. Thirdly, politicians can win elections easily by effecting floating voters, who are usually minorities in most of the countries. Political advertisers can easily determine the result of an election by affecting these minorities. All of these three ruin democracy. Despite those, there are some ways that don’t ruin democracy but help it work. Political marketing may increase participation in elections and it can enable political opinions and ideas to be known. However, these good sides of political marketing are not enough to suppress the bad impacts, meaning political marketing and spin have strong negative impacts on democracy even though they have some positive impacts. How to cite Do Spin in Political Marketing Destroy Democracy?, Papers

Friday, May 1, 2020

Rappelling and ascending Essay Example For Students

Rappelling and ascending Essay Ascending, descending and rope rescue are very exhilarating sources of entertainment and rescue while at the same time extremely complicated. This brief history of the long and ever adapting history of rope climbing and rescue is very interesting. The following article will provide information on how and why people do this on their free time for entertainment purposes. There are many types of tools and equipment used in rope rescue for all of its demanding tasks. Many knots are developed and used for safety purposes. Many skills are needed to be a good climber. Safety is always the primary concern of a climber or rescuer. Rope rescue is a major area in todays rescue world. Yesterdays hemp rope has evolved into a vigorous sport for some and a dangerous career for others. The history of rope can be traced back to as early as prehistory. ?Rope, a flexible line made of fibers or wires twisted or braided together for tensile strength.? At first rope was twisted by hand. The Egyptians used tools to make rope from papyrus and leather, but hemp was the standard for rope until the 19TH century when Manila hemp replaced it. It was not until the 1950s when synthetic rope was introduced. There is an enormous difference between natural and synthetic ropes. There are a few different types of climbing such as alpine climbing, ice climbing and rock climbing. Throughout the world there are men and women who travel to exotic mountains for one purpose only, to reach the summit. For as long as time can tell, people have had an unquenchable thirst for thrill and excitement. I think other sports would struggle to compete with the exhilaration and danger of rappelling and ascending. Many people have made the ultimate sacrifice to explore their dreams on some of the most extravagant mountains here on Earth. Mount Everest is the highest mountain on Earth and the ultimate mountain for thrill seekers. Rope rescue has so many various tasks, which need specialized tools and equipment. The climber must first understand the nature of the climb to accurately bring the right tools and none of the wrong ones, since extra weight is anything but a luxury in this business. The figure eight is a non-moving piece of great importance for ascending. It allows for a slow controlled descent by using the ropes own forces and pressures to give the user the ability o f a full range of speeds from a complete stop to free fall. This is a very fun and useful device. The carabineer is a major structure to someone on rope. It is a metal piece that connects hardware together. It a carabineer breaks, the person falls. Have you ever heard ?a chain is only as strong as its weakest link A harness is best described as a pair of shorts constructed of nylon that fits around the person to support him and connect him to the equipment. There are three classes of harnesses, each having separate ranges of motion allowed. They are also extremely uncomfortable. Rope is an obvious must for rope climbing. There are numerous types of ropes that are predetermined by the nature of the use. Some ropes bounce and some are water repellent for rescue situations such as floods. Ascending requires an ascender. Most preferred is a mechanical ascender, which allows the climber to simply stand up on his prussic and slide the ascender up. The ascender then locks into place allowi ng the climber to sit down and move his prussic up. Repeating this situation results in vertical movement. Knots are almost as vast as grains of sand on the beach; some are just more useful than other. Knots are in a few different categories. They are made of many materials and are used to hoist, anchor, attach, pull, stop and many other things. One such category is hitches, which should never be tied around a patient or anything vulnerable to pressure due to the fact that hitches get tighter more pressure is applied. A butterfly knot is mainly used to carry tools. It is also easy to remember due to its descriptive name. A prussic knot is used to grip rope for the climber to stand on as he moves the ascender, however the prussic must be smaller than the rope in which it is clinging to. If the prussic is thicker than the mother rope than it is a physical impossibility for it to grip. The Webbing is a type of rope (usually colorful) mainly used for safety harnesses and or to attach th e carabineer to the ascender. To be a successful climber a person needs a healthy mind and body. To be a climber you must overcome certain fears. One fear is ?over the top!? This is the natural feeling that must be ignored while the person steps backwards over a ledge into thin air while feeling no support from the rope. However, the more times you accomplish this the easier it becomes. I think a person would have to be legally insane not to feel this fear for at least the first time. Climbers must be in good physical condition to maneuver in some awkward positions. In some instances, with the aid of experience, some obstacles can be overcome by knowledge of different tactics. Fellow climbers must be able to react fast to belay a falling friend. Climbers must have a vast knowledge of knots, mechanical advantage and mechanical devices unless they want to literally hang around for a while in the middle of nowhere. Since the nature of this sport is a dangerous one, safety is always the primary concern. While gravity is still tickling their feet and there is nothing to stop them but the ground one hundred feet below the last thing they want to do is fall. Rope should be inspected or replaced at least once a year. Personally, I would replace it every year. A safety harness should always be worn with someone at constant attention on ballet. You should never distract someone who is on ballet. And if it is done I am sure the climber will take it personally. Hitches should never be placed around yourself or a patient. Always double lock before tying off, working or maneuvering. BE Company EssayRope rescue is now used in almost every scenario of todays rescue world. Rescuers find themselves in the most gruesome and wretched places. Accidents and disasters do not care where they take place. A rescuer must be prepared for any and all types of environments and conditions. It is a very difficult task From hemp rope to synthetic, this is how rescuers and sportsman have used this innovative tool. This is how the mechanics of rope allow for daredevils and rescuers to challenge the laws of gravity. As long as people have a passion for heights and people get caught up in dangerous situations we will have rock climbing and rope rescue. Does this interest you?BibliographyBIBLOGRAPHYInstructor Michael James Dortenzo?Mountaineering.? Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 2000. 1993-1999. Padgett, Allen and Bruce Smith. On Rope. Cave Ave. Huntsville, AL: National Speleological Society, 1987. ?Rock-N-Rescue.? Http.//www.RockNRescue.com (7 Dec. 2000). Reinhard, Johan. ?Sacred Peaks of the Andes.? National Geographic Mar. 1992: 84-111?Rescue Source.? 7 April 1999: 1-61Rescue Technician. 11830 Westline Induustial Dr. St. Louis, MO 63146: Mosby, 1998.