Convection, Conduction and Radiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Convection, Conduction and Radiation - Essay Example The energy transferred from one system to another is called the internal energy. Internal energy is, although not in all cases, is proportional to temperature. Essentially, the transfer of energy or heat starts from the system with the higher temperature to the system with the lower temperature. The higher the internal energy of the system, the higher is the temperature of the system. However, there are cases when there are no changes on the temperature of the system even though there was an increment on the internal energy of that system. Such case will be explained later as part of the examples of conduction. There are several ways on how to transfer energy or heat: thermal convection, thermal conduction and thermal radiation or simply called convection, conduction and radiation. These three modes of transfer of energy have different operations going on. This particular study aims to explain heat transfer via the three methods aforementioned. Keywords: conduction, convection, radia tion, internal energy, heat, system HEAT TRANSFERS: CONVECTION, CONDUCTION, AND RADIATION 3 Thermal Convection Thermal convection, also known as convection, is a transfer of heat from one object to another wherein the heat travels in motion through liquids. In Physics, fluids include liquid substances, gases, and some plastic solids. When the temperature of a liquid rises, the liquid becomes lighter or less dense; nevertheless, if the temperature of the liquid decreases, it becomes denser and it relatively falls down. In thermal convection, what happens is that when there is a massive motion by the liquids like gases or liquid substances, it tends to create a circular motion since a solid body, when heated, transfers the energy to the liquid. Convection takes place when the liquid that was heated becomes lighter and therefore rises. When it reaches the top of the circulation, the temperature of the liquid decreases, hence, making it denser which causes it to fall down. The cycle cre ates convection current. Further, free convection takes place when the movements of the fluids are caused to move by the buoyant forces as a result of varying densities brought about by the rapid changed in the temperature. Forced convection, on the other hand, takes place when the fluid gets in contact with the surface of the solid system using outside or external means. There are several examples that will help us clearly understand the principles behind thermal convection. If you happen to observe when you boil pasta or beans, the moment the water (liquid) reaches its boiling point, the beans or the pasta moves up and down and from side to side or it triggers the pasta or the beans to move in random directions. The explanation of this HEAT TRANSFERS: CONVECTION, CONDUCTION, AND RADIATION 4 particular scenario as what have been explained earlier is that, the moment the temperature of the liquid increases, it becomes less dense or lighter causing it to rise above the surface and wh en it reaches the top and it cools down, which means there is a relative decrease on the temperature, it becomes denser and therefore falls down which creates a cycle. The changes on the temperature and the density of the liquid are principal factors causing the rising and falling movement of the pasta and the beans. The portion where

PepsiCo Team-Board of Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PepsiCo Team-Board of Governance - Essay Example The board of directors is tasked with the responsibility of overseeing the activities of a company. The activities of the board of directors are only delegated powers that are outside the organization itself, which have authority given to it by the bylaws of the organization (Malline 82). The board often faces challenges, and at this team company’s board, the most crucial governance issue is the compliance of public policy issues. There are countless issues that are put across that try and restrict the movement and actions of the board, which tries as much as possible to comply with these policies. In this firm’s case, by bringing in public persons, there is a chance for the organization to find a clear-cut channel to address the compliance of certain policies. It also creates transparency that the firm really needs. Conscious capitalism is what may be used to refer to the philanthropic activities that a firm is willing to undertake (Malline 87). This is in order to help the surrounding external environment benefit and also assist the firm benefit. The firm often participates in different sports activities for some of the different organizations that exist in the area. This is often done as a means to have donations for the groups involved, and also build awareness for the group in question. The skills and capabilities that the firm boasts of make it possible to have different activities in different areas, which also help in fostering exceptional relations between the firm and the people in the external environment.

Consumer behaviour in Brazil

Consumer behaviour in Brazil Brazil is the largest country in Latin America. The total population of Brazil is 170 million. The south east part of Brazil has the highest population and then comes the north east region. The GDP and per capita of the south east is more than that of the north east of Brazil. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR The consumer behaviour in brazil to the detergent market is different in the north east and the south east of Brazil and is depended on many influences. One of the influence is the social influence. Social Influences North East Brazil South East Brazil Culture and sub culture 65% of the population are a mix of African and European origins and their lifestyles, rituals and values share an African influence. Music and humour are the key elements of their culture. Only 35% of the population share an African influence whereas the rest are the migrants from Europe. This part is the financial and the political hub of Brazil. Social class More than half of the population fall in the low income category .The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture. It is more labour intrinsic type of job. Most of the women in the family are housewives. Only 21% of the entire population fall in the low income category and most of the women are from the working class. Group Membership Most of the women meet and wash their clothes in public laundry or pond in a group. Cleanliness being an issue of gossip, every woman tend to keep their family clean to please the group. Most women own a washing machine so self esteem and social status is given less importance. The purchase behaviour of a customer depends on various factors as shown in the diagram below. The social influences are the subjective norms. Apart from price of the detergent, the important attributes for the north east customers as per the rankings are Power of detergent Its fragrance The ability to remove stains without the need of soap and bleach The dissolving power with the water Packaging Impact on colours Whereas the south eastern customers are habitual decision makers. They would prefer to use the same detergents that they are using unless they dont get any flaws. BRAND PLAYERS AND THEIR STRATEGIES UNILEVER: TOP BRANDS: Omo is the top brand of the portfolio and is considered as a high quality at a premium position which is for the high end market. Omo has more than half percentage of the total market share in Brazil .Minerva is a medium quality product with low brand awareness and second in market share. Campeiro is a well-known cheapest product but with a low top of the mind penetration. The target customers of Unilever were the high income segment. The highest profit margin that Unilever generates is from the sales of Omo. STRATEGY USED: With the help of brands like Omo Unilever was the market pioneer in Brazil and hence got the first mover advantage in the detergent sector. Unilever is the LEADER in the market. It followed the strategy whereby it created the most desirable market space in the minds of the consumers as seen by the Top-of-Mind-Awareness results. (Exhibit 8) Their main strategy is to advertise and increase the sales especially of Omo as the profits generated from their detergents proves a backbone for their expansion in food and personal care categories. Unilevers main line of promotion was through the media advertising. This is cost effective and irrespective of the income, Brazilians are avid television watchers. POSITIONING: The various products of Unilever are positioned as per the product and its appeal. Its positioning ranges from removal of stain by eliminating the need of bleach (Omo) to delivering pleasant smell and softness (Minerva) to cost reduction (Campeiro) DISTRIBUTION: Unilever had the daunting task of distributing to 75,000 small outlets in the Northeast. For this it relied on its existing network of generalist wholesalers and sometimes also on secondary, smaller local wholesalers. This however increased their cost. It also had the option of contracting with the specialized distributors. PROCTER GAMBLE: TOP BRANDS: Ace is of the superior quality and is still sold at a lower price than its second brand. Through research and development, their strategy would be to improve the price and the perceived quality of Bold and Ace which is in competition with Minerva and Omo respectively. STRATEGY USED: PG is a MARKET CHALLENGER which is aggressively trying to extend its market share. It has specific challenger strategies like VALUE PRICE GOODS AND SERVICES and IMPROVED SERVICES. The advertising is not very effective as the consumers dont have much knowledge or a top of the brand awareness as compared to the other brands in the market. POSITIONING: Like most of the products of Unilever their products are also positioned depending on the target customers. Two of their main products are positioned similar to Unilevers products e.g. Bold and Pop whereas Ace is positioned as a superior whiteness source. ASA ASA is a local Brazilian brand and is only popular in Northeast TOP BRANDS: Invicto which is an entry level detergent as it is a low cost detergent and valued by its customers. It is a key competitor of Campeiro and focuses on cost reduction across all dimensions. STRATEGY USED: They are the MARKET NICHERS and have been serving a special segment of the market as a whole. POSITIONING: Positioned like Campeiro i.e. as a low priced product SWOT OF UNILEVER IN BRAZIL (AS PER CASE) PRESENT SITUATION: Unilever is the pioneer of consumer goods industry in Brazil and a clear leader in the detergent powder category with an 81% market share achieved by brands like Omo, Minerva and Campeiro. The Brazilian fabric wash market consists of two categories: detergent powder and laundry soap. It faces a huge threat from PG and hence Unilever should look into tapping the niche markets before its competitors entry into them STRENGTHS: Detergent market pioneer in Brazil. Hence gained the first mover advantage which proved very favourable for its success Unilever is a strong brand in itself and has wide acceptance for its products all over the world Have a wide range of brands i.e. have a strong brand portfolio which caters to different market segments. For e.g. Omo is more technology oriented, Minerva clings to its emotional appeal and is a traditional brand, Campeiro focuses more on cost reduction They are innovative and customer centric in their approach. E.g. introduction of 4 new variants of Omo. Each of them have different properties targeted at specific needs of customers Detergents will always remain the cash cows for Unilever WEAKNESS: Difficult to make a selection with respect to cost effectiveness between the Generalist Wholesaler and Specialist Distributor since both could prove to be equally useful in its own way and once selected very hard to reverse Vast difference in distribution of social classes in the Southeast and Northeast. So similar strategies and products will not have the same result and might also vary vastly from the expected result especially in the Northeast Its brand Campeiro is perceived to be low on quality since it is also low priced High availability of substitute products OPPORTUNITY: Tap the niche market i.e. the untouched low income sector before the competitors penetrate there Change the positioning of detergents in the minds of the Northeasterners so as to increase the use quantitatively Make use of the high frequency of washing tendency in the Northeasterners which would improve product sales in this area Omo has the highest Top-of-Mind-Awareness amongst the Northeasterners (approximately 70%). This can be used as a way to generate awareness about Unilevers other brands and also for the product which needs to be directed to the lower income consumer segment (exhibit 8) Improvement in Brazils overall economic performance thereby improving the purchasing power of the natives and especially the lower income consumers Adopt appropriate strategy targeted at the lower income group so that Unilever successfully manages to tap all the classes of people Introduction of more technology based and innovative products like Omo THREATS: Rapid growth and improvement of PGs RD and marketing expertise Northeasterners manner of using detergents is different from the Southeasterners. As per this logic the use of detergents is less with the Northeasterners Preference of laundry soap over detergent powder in the Northeast. This would pose a challenge to the lower income consumer segment product which the company wishes to market Competitor brands like Bold, Pop and Invicto are direct competition to Minerva and Campeiro with regards to quality and price There is almost equal market penetration of the competitors brands with Unilevers brands. For e.g. Invicto, Ace, Campeiro (penetration in the range of 60-80%) Introduction of local products by smaller companies with better distribution Price war with other giants like PG UNILEVER IN BRAZIL As given in the case study, Unilever in Brazil has a strong 81% market share by means of its three brands: Omo, Minerva and Campeiro. Question at hand is Whether or not to market detergents to lower income consumers in Northeastern Brazil and How to go about it The lower income segment isnt tapped by any of the giants of the detergent industry hence it provides opportunity to the company for growth in this segment. Also there is a need for good products matching the flagship brand Omo combined with affordability as clearly seen by the example stated about Maria ConceiÇà £o. TREND IN BRAZIL: As per case study it is known that Northeasterners believe bleach is a must for removal of stains; detergent powder is used only to make the clothes smell good. For the Northeasterners cleanliness is perceived as important despite of their low income survival. Cleaning of clothes for them is also seen as a measure of dedication of the woman of the family. Hence the challenge is to change few age old perceptions and yet successfully make a mark in the lower income segment. For this Unilever will have to convert the laundry soap users into an Omo class user. This is a long term strategy but yet a feasible one. WHY CHOOSE LOWER INCOME GROUP: Enter lower income group segment before PG penetrates there Detergent market in this segment will always be a cash cow Need gap analysis shows that there is an existing need for good detergents in this market IMPLICATIONS OF MOVE: SHORT TERM IMPLICATIONS: First mover advantage, shift of investment of money in low price brand from premium brands LONG TERM IMPLICATIONS: Market leader in low income detergent market, without a shift in Omo customers the new brand will be able to attract lower income customers WHAT SHOULD BE DONE? There are various options with Unilever. Namely, Launch a new product in the market targeting the lower income consumer without cannibalizing its own premium brands extensively Reposition one of its existing brands Have a cheaper version of Omo/Minerva Carry out an extension of one of the existing brands I believe that Unilever in Brazil should carry out PRODUCT LINE EXTENSION. Hereby they should introduce an additional item in the same product category. Unilever should have an extension of its brand Minerva named Minerva Progress (similar to Omo Progress which removes difficult stains without bleach and laundry soap). Minerva Progress should be positioned between Omo and Minerva PROS: The positioning of product between Omo and Minerva will help gain visibility Can promote positively using Unilevers brand name Good market penetration of Minerva as a brand  [1]   CONS: Minerva as a brand is perceived to be a medium quality brand with less Top-of-Mind-Awareness  [2]   Fierce competition with PG brands like Bold and Ace WHY EXTENSION OF MINERVA: Not possible to have a low cost product under the Omo brand since this would confuse the consumers about the original Omos credibility Launch of a new product will not be cost effective Having an extension of Campeiro might not be successful due to the original image of the brand as a cheap quality brand Repositioning of any of the top brands might confuse the consumers and Unilever might lose its loyal customers Minerva having a good market penetration can perform well if the positioning for the extended product is done appropriately. Also as per Exhibit 8 the consumers in the Northeast have good knowledge about the Minerva brand (rated second after Omo). Hence the company should capitalize on this fact and thereby build a route to tap its lower income segment by using the brand name. A MARKET RESEARCH SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT TO UNDERSTAND THE RANGE IN WHICH THE CUSTOMERS WOULD BE WILLING TO SPEND MARKETING MIX OF MINERVA PROGRESS: PRODUCT: A new formula should be produced to match the requirements of the customers and at the same time not increasing the cost Product should have attributes as per requirement of the lower income segment especially cleanliness, whitening and productivity  [3]   Along with price the product should match the six key attributes important to this segment. Formulation should have more emphasis on stain removing capability while keeping Minervas original features intact like perfume and softness The product should be made available in various sizes and types. This would be apt for customers who do not use a large quantity of product per month. This would also give a notional feeling to the customer of having spent less Use of packaging other than cardboard boxes e.g. plastic sachet PRICE: The price of the product should be affordable for the lower income consumers The company is increasing the cost on formulation and nullifying it by cutting down on packaging charges The product should be such that it is priced less than Omo and Minerva itself but a little more than Campeiro Unilever should adopt PENETRATION PRICINGfor its product whereby the profit margin for Unilever would be less but it would maximize unit sales and increase market share in this segment Adoption of penetration pricing would also discourage the competitors entry Also initially Unilever can have an INTRODUCTORY PRICE for the product which would encourage people to purchase the product SUGGESTION: Unilever can also get into backward integration to reduce its cost thereby managing to produce low priced products PLACE Unilever should sell its products at all places in the Northeast Since the big shopping malls are perceived to be expensive it should display its products at local stores Unilever should display Minerva Progress along with Omo. This is because Omo itself has a good image that even this product will be highlighted to all the customers PROMOTION Product should not be advertised as a product meant only for the low income group since this might create a negative impression about the company Medium like hoardings, radio, television should be used Above the line promotion should be emphasized on more than below the line advertising Sales promotion activities should also be carried out heavily which are directed at the customers DISTRIBUTION: Intensive distribution should be used to make the product available extensively in all the retail outlets To target the lower income segment Unilever should adopt the Specialized Distribution method as given in Exhibit 13 PUSH STRATEGY: Initially a push strategy should be used wherein the product is pushed at the customers and made widely available to them. Then depending on the demand forecasts a push-pull strategy should be used. POSITIONING: FRAME OF REFERENCE: Detergents POINT OF DIFFERENCE: Quality with affordability POSITIONING: Attribute and benefit positioning STATEMENT: THE MORE THE BETTER OR THE LESSER THE BETTER.WE GIVE YOU BOTH; MORE QUALITIES FOR LESSER PRICE! PERCEPTUAL MAP: 200 MINERVA PROGRESS OMO 200 0 100 ACE BOLD PERCEIVED QUALITY PRICE INDEX 100 CAMPEIRO POP INVICTO MINERVA = UNILEVER = PG = ASA

The VCR: The DVD Player of the Early 1980’s Essay -- History Technolog

The VCR: The DVD Player of the Early 1980’s The rate at which technology advances, even by today’s standards, continues to amaze and astonish people. Even the simplest of daily tasks are influenced and molded by the increasingly original inventions that continue to explode into the public’s eye. One’s everyday life is constantly updated, reinvented, and (if you will) reprogrammed in order to adapt to the new ways of technology. Yet this phenomenon is not unique to this decade alone. As modern and as fast-paced as things may seem now, people in 1984 were going through very similar circumstances. The invention of the VCR was quickly becoming an obviously important product, while advertisers, media executives, and the average consumer were all trying to determine how to interpret this invention. Although the VCR was first released to the public in 1974, it wasn’t until the early 1980’s that the public began catching on to this new invention. Still, the VCR was the most quickly adopted device of its time. In just three years, the sales of VCR’s jumped from 1.3 million units in 1981 to nearly 8 million units in 1984. The popularity of the household device was quite obvious, but the success of the VCR did not come so easily. Three years earlier, in October of 1981, after some struggle, the US court finally ruled that the home taping of broadcast signals was not an infringement. After that, the VCR quickly became a popular household device across the country (Winston 126-129). â€Å"The most common use of the VCR’s is to record TV programs fro viewing at a later date† (â€Å"VCR’s† 42). This so called â€Å"time shifting† was the foundation for the VCR’s success. Aside from its obvious TV connection, the VCR also provided a whole n... ...is not starting from scratch; consumers must now decide between two mediums. Whether or not one chooses VHS or DVD, it is clear that both industries have/will made/make an everlasting impression on society. Works Cited Evans, Ian. â€Å"Supporting player: with sales in decline, is there still a role for the humble VCR? (VCR).† ERT Weekly 23 May 2002. FindArticles.Com. 1-5. 23 Sept. 2003 â€Å"Ultimate VCR Replacement From Pioneer Offers Recording to Hard Drive or DVD- R/W.† PR Newswire 8 Jan. 2003. FindArticles.Com. 1-3. 23 Sept. 2003 . â€Å"VCR’s.† Broadcasting 20 Aug. 1984: 42-50. Winston Brian. Media Technology and Society; A History: From the Telegraph to the Internet. New York: Routledge, 1998.

Iliad and Hector

In the Iliad, both Hector and Achilles display heroic characteristics that go along with the heroic warrior code of Greece. Both characters have their strengths and weaknesses and differences in their approach to being heroic. Even with their differences, they have many similarities. Hector is a great leader and family man and a protector of his people. Achilles is a self-centered warrior who is only in it for the glory. Hector commands the Trojan army, while Achilles commands the Greek army. They both have pride and glory and are seen as heroes in the eyes of their sides’ people.Having a passion for revenge might be considered a glaring flaw in today’s standards, but it definitely conforms to the heroic code of Greek society. Hector has mixed feelings about taking part in the war. His wife pleads with him not to go, and he does not want to make her a widow, leaving her â€Å"at the loom of another man†. Hector shows heroism for going to war, but at the same time shows his human side by being indecisive about leaving his family. In Book Twenty-Two, Hector stays outside the ramparts, whereas his supporters are secure.His father Priam, wants him to retreat to safety with Achilles approaching, but his pride and honor prevent him from backing down. His fearlessness is an extremely heroic action. He then flees, which is very unheroic. It seems apparent that there is an inner conflict with emotions and the heroic code. Hector eventually stands his ground and fights. Achilles kills Hector in a very cruel way. Before desecrating Hector’s body, he allows him to die a slow and painful death. His action is another way his behavior conforms to the Greek heroic code.Even the most valiant soldier must have a human side, which definitely must object to the savage killing that is inevitable in war. On the other hand, when Achilles and his soldiers get some type of pleasure from repeatedly stabbing Hector’s lifeless corpse, another kind of hum an emotion is being displayed. This is the pent up anger and hostility that build up during one’s quest for revenge or simply battle. So, it might be concluded that the heroic code and the human emotions might not conflict after all.Hector is viewed as the more heroic one. He knows his role as the defender of Troy. Although he has a strong love and devotion to his family, he still goes off to defend his country, even after the pleading from his wife. Hector’s traits and character as a husband and father no less admirable than that as his as a warrior. Hector is a man who loves his child and wife and who can forget war when a little child cries. He is seen as the bravest and most accomplished of the warriors. He is a team player, a very gifted leader and soldier.Unlike Achilles, Hector is a more complete and well-rounded person. Hector was a man who was willing to fight until the end. Which he did. Achilles is more of a loner, except of his close friendship with Patrocl us. Marriage has no weight in his consciousness. He seems more the estranged youth than the manly defender represented in Hector. He is revered as the greatest warrior in the world, and no man can stand against him. Achilles was a very spoiled and pampered only child. He had a much undeveloped sense of his place in the world.He is viewed as an admirable warrior, and his still in battle boosts the morale of his fellow Greeks when he chooses to fight, but he is an unreliable leader who sulks when he does not get his way. Both Hector and Achilles behave as heroes throughout the Iliad. While they try to win glory in war for their families, their country, and themselves, they both have certain strengths and weaknesses in their character which dictate their very different courses of action and their thoughts.They are both presented with conflicts and dilemmas throughout the story, the resolutions of which must be made using both their human side and their aggressive heroic side, and it ap pears as if Achilles meets with the most success in this difficult task. Works Cited Homer. â€Å"The Illiad. † Lombardo, translated by Stanley. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. Ed. Sarah Lawall. 8th Edition. New York: W W Norton & Company, 2006. 107-205.

Ban the Box Argumentative Essay

With America being the land of opportunity, the U. S has presented quite a few disadvantaged Americans’ with not so many opportunities. Especially those people of who have been arrested for a criminal crime. This also includes freshly released from prison, probation and/or parole. A study in 2012 shows with one in four Americans in the United States today, have been arrested. (Solomon). That same study shows most Americans being arrested at the age of twenty three. This poses dilemmas as for employment breaks. Another disadvantage that comes to play is the initiative filling out the form of employment (The application).On that application for employment; reads a box that states criminal history, arrests previous to applying, also asks you to report any form convictions and the natures of the crimes. That little box tends to be not only discouraging to an applicant trying to better ones selves, but it also prevents reestablishing, and rehabilitating. From whatever it is they un dergo. From whatever might lead up to that background. Whether it is drugs addictions or reasons they performed those crimes, such as a way of survival.Thank fully enough that’s where Ban the Box Act comes into play. This is an act, which removes those horrible anxieties and pressures when applying for employment opportunities. Ban the box should be a federal law because it enables people to find recovery in the job market and not return to crime, and it also puts income back into America that could be used for more imperative issues to this country; also disables employers from discriminating against the job seeker; by seeing that box checked on a form of application for employment.Originally originated in California; Ban the box yet is involved in over 43 cities in America as of 2012 reports NELP (National Employment Law Project)(see NELP). Minnesota was the first state to apply this bill. It also narrows employers’ liability for criminal records (NELP). Incentives a re now being offered, and insurances to prevent as much liability for employers taking the risk of employing offenders, such as a tax break/credit.Delaware for example is trying to allow a grace period of time hired, and if performance is not acceptable then they may use the criminal history as a termination of employment. Although recently denied by congress in July 2012(BJS. Gov), it should be a federal law nationwide. With prison and or jails being the most highly funded besides Medicare in the country (Katel), it’d definitely lead to less recidivism to institutions which would put the funds to more imperative things; such as children’s education amongst many more federally applicable prospects.With incarceration rates in the United States higher than any other country in the world, and it’s one of those most funded as well (Katel). Besides Medicare the prison system alone in 2008 showed that it sucks up the most state funded money. An astonishing state cover age of $22,000 yearly (Katel). With the United States almost exceeding count of 22 million of Americans’ institutionalized in some kind of jail and/or prison system. As of 2011, (Solomon) each year over 12 million people are admitted to local jails, and more than 700,000 are admitted to state and federal facilities.The United States has less than 5% of the world’s population but almost a quarter of its population is prisoners! (Solomon) About three fourths of a million of those prisoners or inmates will be released from the institution that they are in. Within a three year period, almost more than half of them will return to jail or prison due to committing either new or relevant crimes (Kamel) for ways of survival or violating the community corrections program they were obligated to.These include not just parole, also probation or drug court. The easiest way of violating one of the community programs above is employment. It is not just a suggestion; it’s a requ irement to remain to one’s freedom. Which is uncovered challenging, and in this day and time nearly unrealistic! Not only due to today’s economy; also due to that bad choice(s) or a criminal history can make finding employment difficult. NIJ (National Institute of Justice) found that a criminal record reduces the likelihood of a job or offer by over 50%! Solomon) With another study showing that 92% of employers use some sort of background check. With any kind of simple arrest or criminal history (even if it didn’t lead to a conviction. ) that shows quite a problem. So being on a community corrections program and the conditions of the job employment is very discouraging to more than half of those sentenced to these programs. Recidivism is bound to occur for most unfortunately.